The rapidly aging population could wipe out the country's low-cost labor advantage within the next few decades and stifle economic growth. The China National Committee on Aging said that some time between 2030 and 2050, there will be only two workers for every retiree - down from the current ratio of six to one.
While China's population is growing, the number of elderly is increasing at a quicker pace. China had 149 million people over the age of 60 last year. That is expected to grow to 248 million in 2020 and 437 million in 2050.
"With fewer people of working age and more pressure to support elders, the economy will suffer if productivity sees no major progress," said committee deputy director Yan Qingchun.
Economic reforms over the past three decades have turned China into the world's factory floor. But pressure from the reforms has also caused the welfare system to disintegrate, with layoffs from state-owned enterprises and a lack of social safety nets.
Yan said China "might encounter the heaviest burden, especially after 2030," when there could be an end to economic growth fueled by the growing number of people of working age.
